Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It occurs when cells in the body begin to divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Although cancer is a multifactorial disease in which various risk factors may be involved, there are some known main causes that contribute to the development of cancer. In this article, we will look at five main factors that can lead to cancer problems.
1. Genetics and Heredity
Cancer is often linked to genetic mutations that can affect the body’s ability to control cell division. Some people are born with inherited mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of cancer. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. These genetic changes can make cells more susceptible to developing cancer because they interfere with the cells’ ability to repair damaged DNA. According to the American Cancer Society, about 5-10% of all cancers are hereditary.
2. Environmental factors and pollution
Environmental factors, including pollution and harmful chemicals, are strongly linked to cancer. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for cancer, as carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke damage cell DNA and promote cancer development. Environmental pollution, such as air and water pollution, also increases the risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking and air pollution are responsible for more than 50% of all cancer cases associated with environmental factors each year.
3. Viral and bacterial infections
Some viruses and bacteria can increase the risk of cancer because they affect the growth and division of cells. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, while Hepatitis B and C are linked to liver cancer. These microorganisms can change the genetic material of cells and disrupt their normal function, leading to the development of cancer. According to the WHO, more than 10% of all cancer cases worldwide may be related to infections that cause cancer.
4. Unhealthy Diet and Lifestyle Factors
Diet and lifestyle are important factors in the risk of cancer. Excessive alcohol consumption, an unhealthy diet high in saturated fat and processed foods, and sugar (sweets) consumption can increase the risk of cancer. Obesity can also be a risk factor for cancer. It has been shown that insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, as well as low dietary fiber, increases the risk of colon cancer. According to the World Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), up to 30% of cancer cases could be prevented by following a healthy diet and lifestyle.
5. Stress and Emotional Factors
While the link between stress and cancer is still being studied, some research suggests that chronic stress and emotional tension can affect the immune system and increase the risk of cancer. Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to a weakened immune system, which reduces the body’s ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Stress can also lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or poor diet, which in turn increase the risk of cancer. Research suggests that positive emotional management techniques can help reduce risk factors associated with developing cancer.
Conclusions
A variety of factors can contribute to the development of cancer, including genetic factors, environmental pollution, infections, lifestyle choices, and emotional factors. To reduce the risk of cancer, it is important to follow a healthy lifestyle, control stress levels, and have regular health checkups.
A diagnosis of “cancer” should not be a judgment. Instead, it should be the starting point for a journey toward understanding and treatment based on the best options for the individual patient, both physically and psychologically. 🌿
📞 For more information and to apply for a consultation: +371 27 337 768